Essay on Keynesian Revolution - 1244 Words

Keynesian Revolution Classical economic theory assumed that a ‘free-market’ economy is a ‘self regulating’ system that continually tends toward a full-employment equilibrium, with optimum economic benefits for everyone. Therefore, the best government economic policy is to ‘excuse itself’ and give utmost freedom to individual enterprise. A key element of the ‘Keynesian revolution’ was its demonstration that these basic assumptions are false, both in theory and practice, and its assertion that, therefore, the most appropriate government macro-economic policy is to view the whole economy as if it were a single huge business enterprise which needs to be managed as one. In any individual business enterprise, a basic tool of†¦show more content†¦Amazingly, some of its adversaries that challenged the intellectual claims of the Monetarist controversy - bearing in mind, it were these experimental issues opposed to the theoretical is sues, which divided Monetarists from Keynesians. Nevertheless, the biggest guns of Keynesian macroeconomics (Robert Solow, James Tobin, and many more) that came out to combat a single man with some very compelling ideas, Milton Friedman. Despite the fact that, at this time it would be hard to find any single economist, who did not have an opinion on theories. Monetarism is acknowledged as a Neoclassical â€Å"counter-revolution† to the prevailing Keynesian Revolution. Friedman s model explores the internal logic of these developments by examining the sociology of economic knowledge construction and destruction. From here Monetarism was a powerful intellectual revolution, which has left an indelible imprint on macroeconomics and economic policy forever. Or was it just a fad? Whatever your conclusion, there can be no doubt that the â€Å"Monetarist counter-revolution† that raged in economics has been one of the most fervently contested battles in ‘modern’ economics. The great â€Å"counter-revolutionary† contribution was the introduction of the natural rate hypothesis by Friedman and Phelps. More specifically, it led to the interpretation of other ‘anti-Keynesian’ contributions by the Monetarists, such as the Phillips Curve and the â€Å"St. Louis†Show MoreRelatedPolicy Review And The Lucas Criticisms Essay919 Words   |  4 Pages Policy Review and the Lucas Critiques Orthodox Keynesian economists believe that the change of the money supply will lead to the change of effective demand, and further result in the change of the economy. However, in the monetary economy cycle theories, the expected monetary supply changes will not influence the total economy; the unexpected money supply changes will impact the total economic in short term. In the long term, it merely impacts the changes of general price levels, instead of onRead MoreEssay Keynesian Economics1662 Words   |  7 Pagesmacroeconomics is relatively new, generally beginning with the ideas of British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s. Keyness ideas revolutionized thinking in several areas of macroeconomics, including unemployment, money supply, and inflation. Keynesian Theory and Unemployment Unemployment causes a great deal of social distress and concern; as a result, the causes and consequences of unemployment have received the most attention in macroeconomic theory. Until the publication in 1936 ofRead MoreKayne vs Hayek1370 Words   |  6 Pagesunemployment, inflation, savings, investment, international trade and international finance. The two major theories of economics are Classical Economics and Keynesian Economics. Classical economists believe that markets function very well, will quickly react to any changes in equilibrium and that a â€Å"laissez faire† government policy works best. Keynesian economists believe that markets react very slowly to changes in equilibrium (especial to changes in prices) and that active government intervention isRead MorePaper on Keynesian Contributions to Public Finance.2759 Words   |  12 PagesPAPER ON KEYNESIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PUBLIC FINANCE 1. Impact of Keynesian Revolution on Public Finance In 1936 British economist John Maynard Keynes published The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. Distressed by the failure of national governments to cope with the Great Depression, Keynes rejected many assumptions of classical economics and argued that state intervention, and in particular regulation of interest rates, could control inflation and minimize unemployment. What howeverRead MoreTaking a Look at the 1920s1642 Words   |  7 Pagesdepression. The influence of Keynes in the interpretation of the Great Depression and establishment of public policies in the U.S. just started to become known during the Second World War, when the work of North American Keynesian, like Hansen, became popular. But the greatest impact of Keynesian thought was in formulating economic policy in the postwar period. The construction of the Bretton Woods system was based on the interpretation that the international monetary system based on gold standard was oneRead MoreEssay on Commanding Heights Part 1 Summary731 Words   |  3 PagesThe â€Å"Battle’ in this documentary is basically the struggle between free market and increased government control in the era characterized by globalization. These economic revolutions that would follow would turn out to determine the future of our planet. Essentially, it was John Maynard Keynes v. Friedrich von Hayek, two of the most well-known economists of their time. Keynes could see the faults of free mar ket in the time after the war and that all of those errors could be fixed if the governmentRead MoreNew Classical Macroeconomics And Macroeconomics Essay1555 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowing four propositions: first, private economy can be stable; second, currency is neutral in the long run; third, currency can be neutral in the short term; and forth, the economic policy of Keynesian positive intervention is harmful (Dornbusch, 1990). Currently, New classical Macroeconomics and Keynesian are the two major schools of mainstream economics in the world. This essay hopes to deeply and critically discuss the ideas and arguments of New classical Macroeconomics. This essay will firstRead MoreClassical School Of Thought And The Great Depression1020 Words   |  5 PagesClassical school of thought dates back to the Enlightenment movement and the Industrial Revolution during the eighteenth century, where secularization started to happen resulting in changes on the way of thinking and analyzing daily life. Adam Smith, also known as the father of economics, wrote An Enquiry into the causes of the Wealth of the Nations in 1776, where he discusses how the wealth of a nation is measured (by GDP), division of labor and lastly, introduces the invisible hand that controlsRead MoreEssay on Economic Philosophies528 Words   |  3 Pageseconomy is controlled directly by the government. Marx says that if the government plays no part in the economy, then the economy will collapse, and there will be a revolution of the working class. Karl Marx says that a wage-labor war will break down society and cause a downfall of the economic structure. He feels that after the revolution of the working class, each individual of society will hold an intricate part of the economy. Everyone is the same and no one has any special abilities or talentsRead MoreThe Classical View Of Employment And Income1523 Words   |  7 Pagesdetail on the classical view of full employment, and the Keynesian view of full employment to help you understand better how each school viewed full employment, and how to achieve it. The classical view gives you a look into the supply side of the economy using Say’s law and the Say’s law flow diagram. Most economists followed the classical view up until the 1930’s. Then John Maynard Keynes influenced the world with the Keynesian Revolution. Keynes believed that demand is what should be the focus

Factors Affecting Motivation in Public Organizations

Factors affecting motivation in public organizations Project Report Factors affecting motivation in public organizations Project Report Motivation in Public Organisations _________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Motivation is known as important as other factors for achieving the organisational goals. The high motivation led the employees to the extreme commitment with the organisation goals. Similarly high employee motivation leads to greater employee creativity and productivity, in this survey it has been found that the two independent variables, which are quality supervision and participation, are positively related to the dependent variable, motivation. The participation has a strong†¦show more content†¦Similarly the dissatisfying or the extrinsic factors like company policies, salary, co-worker relations, supervisor relationship and job security etc. feels the employee dissatisfied and less motivated. In the same management guide it has been clearly mentioned that the perceived inequality has been shown to lead to low motivation. It has also been pointed in the guide that by investing the time will provide opportunities to employee motivation. Porter and miles (1974) proved that the motivation energises, directs and sustains behaviour. They also identified four factor/variables namely individual characteristics, job characteristics, work environment and the external environment. If motivation is to be affected, one or more of these variables must be changed or affected. Also, government middle managers have higher needs for achievement and lower needs for affiliation than did their business counter parts, but their needs for power may roughly the same. Rawls et al (1975) have found that standards about to enter government sector were significantly more dominated and flexible. They had higher capacity for status and economic wealth. Many researches indicate that public managers experience significantly lower levels of satisfaction and motivation than do their counterparts in the business. The quality supervision is an important factor for motivation. Some papers have reported employees’ perception of lower supervisory quality in the public thatShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Effectiveness Through Employee Motivation1591 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough Employee Motivation R. Flora Sahayamary Research Scholar Dr. R Mathivanan – Principal, Bharathiar University Arts Science college, Valparai Introduction The focus of this study is to enlighten that how an organization through its employees can achieve success and effectiveness. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of employees’ motivation on organizational effectiveness. The study has two sub-objectives: * the factors that increase motivation of employees areRead MoreCase Study Organizational Behavior1424 Words   |  6 Pagesputting on some seminars for managers, and the main topic of the discussion was motivation. During the seminar a problem came to light that a captain of a police station was dealing with some issues with his police officers. When his officers first came to the police station were all very young and inexperienced. Although they really enjoyed going out on the streets, helping people and having contact with the public, one thing they really hated was paperwork. The captain needs he needs to motivateRead MoreImpact of Cultural Differences, Internal and Environmental Factors at Airbus1619 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of cultural differences, internal and environmental factors at Airbus Introduction Employees are affected by a number of internal and external forces that when combined produce given behaviours and attitudes. In this paper, I will consider the key factors affecting individual and groups’ behaviour and their corresponding relationship to the personal and organisational performance. The scenario, Airbus’ manufacturing plant in Toulouse, is dominated by tensions amongst groups of workersRead MoreHow Buyer Behavior Affects Marketing Activities in Different Buying Situations1000 Words   |  4 Pagesin taste and convenience fashion their lives. However, buying behavior differ between consumers and organizations. By the each subject, the demand and usage product is not the same so, the factors affecting their buying behavior is different. From the comparison and distinction between the elements in the table below demonstrates specific to this group. | Consumer buying behavior | Organization buying behavior | Process | Need recognition: The buyer is stimulated by internal or external. TheirRead MoreTechnology And Intergenerational Management Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pagesrequires, at least, some active technological know-how; and that participation in sociocultural, professional, and economic activity includes various skill sets and communication via technology –it could be an iPhone, iPad, laptop, a work computer, a public library’s shared computer or hundreds of other communication settings that are completely wired up to serve the ubiquitous presence of â€Å"connection.† Intergenerational interaction often leads to conflict through inevitable misunderstanding. I argueRead MoreImproving The Organizational Structure Of A Job Redesign816 Words   |  4 Pageswith the high demand of converting paper charts to electronic records. The goals are to re-engineer, restructure, work redesign and job redesign the entire organization. Re-engineering is when leaders examines carefully of the organization s mission, structure, and policies. Hence, the rethinking process of the system of the organization. Restructuring is changing the organizational structure for the purpose of increasing organizational efficiency and cost effectiveness. Work redesign is the rearrangementRead MoreThe Factors That Influence Academics Behavior Toward Knowledge Sharing1689 Words   |  7 Pages What are the factors that influence academics’ behaviour toward knowledge sharing in Universities ?â€Æ' Introduction These days, large organizations are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of knowledge for efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness by establishing appropriate knowledge management systems. Knowledge sharing has been considered a significant component of success in Knowledge Management (KM). The main activities in Knowledge sharing are acquiring, sharing, and storingRead MoreMotivation and Job Satisfaction Theories Essay examples1268 Words   |  6 PagesMotivation and Job Satisfaction Theories The idea of motivation applies to internal elements that coerce action and external elements that can function as stimuli to perform. There are several characteristics that can be affected by motivation such as intensity and persistence. Moreover, motivation goes beyond affecting the procurement of individuals’ skills, and plays a part in the magnitude which they use their skills and abilities. The belief is an organization that has excessive quantityRead MoreCriminal Justice Trends Evaluation1581 Words   |  7 Pagesassesses recent future and current trends affecting the criminal justice system. Lastly, it defines the values of the system in a changing society. Recent trends affecting the criminal justice system are related to gender and racial barriers. According to Roslyn Muraskin and Albert R. Roberts (2009 ), assessments of statuses of women and minorities in police work shows that there are obstacles in official and informal structures of police work organizations related to gender and race. Regardless ofRead MoreThe Importance Of Wikileaks And Its Effect On The Organization Of A Company By Releasing And Discussion Information944 Words   |  4 PagesWhistleblowers can highlight and prosecute wrongdoers within a company by releasing and discussion information only very few have access to within an organization. When observing the common model of whistleblowing, the process of whistleblowing is composed of five stages (Henik, 2008): â€Å"the occurrence of the triggering event, recognition of the event and decision of actions to take, conduct of action, organizational reaction to whistle-blowing, and whistle-blower’s assessment to the organizational

Capability Determinant Company Performance -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Capability Determinant Company Performance? Answer: Introduction The present study focuses on the long term business with the perspective on sustainability. Sustainability refers to the as socio ecological procedure that is characterized by common ideal. It is more than decreasing their impact on the business environment. For working in the business, it involves considering long term outcome of the industry and production. In context of the business practices, it signifies that corporate policies are not harmful to the companys long term reputation and well-being (Armstrong et al. 2015) Adopting sustainable practices in business have significant benefits in the business. Sustainability usually builds accountability culture throughout the business environment. The main reason for the business becoming interested in sustainable practices is that it attracts many investors. As investors looks for the life cycle analysis of the business that evaluates long term environmental as well as carbon footprint of the commodity, sustainable business practices makes it worthy for the investors. Integrating sustainability into the marketing practices has been developed in several ways based on the particular organization and its products as well as services. The marketing strategies adopted by the companys offers sustainability as it enhances the business operations. Marketing is mainly identified as the vital role of the customers as decision makers in adopting sustainability (Liu, Kasturiratne and Moizer 2012). These include- decrease in carbon dioxide emission, recycling waste and taking initiative for fair trade. The company mainly adopts sustainable marketing that involves development as well as promotion of products and services for meeting the needs of consumers and business. In addition, the company adopts sustainable marketing as it usually adds value to the customers for building long term relationship with their consumers. It also helps the company to gain competitive advantage through a desirable and defensible position. Sustainability and marketing practices plays a huge role within the CSL organization. The company provides green technology tools required for eliminating pollutants as well as waste and safeguard their natural resources (Seuring 2013). The members of this company are well versed in sustainability for innovating new products. They also use it in the marketing practices as the customers become wary of the resource depleting practices. This study focuses on the marketing strategy and sustainable management of the CSL. Marketing Background CSL is a world specialty biotechnology organization, which researches, develops, produces and markets commodities to prevent peoples medical condition. The products of CSL include vaccines, derivatives of blood plasma, cell culture reagents and antivenom utilized in different medical as well as genetic research applications. The values of this organization have been elementary to their success, thereby facilitating them to save peoples life, protecting their health and earn reputation as trusted global leader (Khan 2014). Their values mainly guide them in generating sustainable value for their stakeholders. The management of the company mainly focuses on innovation, integrity, collaboration and higher performance. They also focuses on research and development (RD), best quality production and patient centric management for developing as well as delivering innovative biotherapies and different types of support programs for saving the lives of people. CSL also makes investment in marke t development as well as sustainable management for their existing commodities and developing new product opportunities for longer period. In the last year, this organization delivered exceptional performance due to their successful execution of strategy. The biotechnology sector in Australia comprises of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) including multinational subsidiaries (Bernstein and Singh 2016). There are near about 450 biotech companies in this nation and the total revenue generated by these entities estimates to almost $1 billion every year. There are basically four kinds of organizations within this biotech sector of this nation, which includes- Core biotechnology entities Genomic entities Pharmaceutical entities Public research institutions This nation is considered as the leader of biotechnology industry as it boosts larger proportion of GDP globally. The vital players in this sector are CSL limited, biodata holdings limited, commonwealth scientific and industrial research organization. This organization has been positioned at top three players in the industry that brings in drugs to the Australian market. They develop as well as manufacture vaccines as well as plasma protein biotherapies. The products that are offered by this biotech organization include blood plasma, antivenom, vaccines and other pharmaceuticals etc. As they are the world leader in immunoglobulins, their portfolio of creative medicines includes varied range of plasma derived as well as recombinant products. In fact, they also produces critical care products, which are basically utilized in organ transplantation, treating trauma etc. Since the commencement of sustainability program in CSL, environmental awareness as well as responsibility has been infused into every aspects of their business. Their activities mainly focuses on the making it greener (Schoonmaker, Carayannis and Rau 2013). Over the last few years, this organization has made huge progress by decreasing their operational footprint as well as improves efficiency in energy. In addition, identifying as well as managing different aspects of sustainability is vital for this biotech company. They listen to their stakeholders on regular basis, which in turn helps the management of the organization to identify, priorities and review material that inform them opportunities to provide value to their shareholders. It also provides basis for performance metrics against their strategic priorities. CSL has adopted EHS ( Environment, Health , Safety and Sustainability) strategic plan, which ensures that this organization operates in the industry according to regula tory standards. This strategy mainly includes compliance with the regulations as well as commitments of government for improving safety as well as health of workforce. This organization is headquartered at Victoria in Melbourne. They have chosen Australia for biotherapies and manufacturers huge range of plasma derived therapies mainly for treating the Australian community. This organization focuses on innovating new products, improvisation of products and producing expertise, thereby ensuring continued growth in business (De Marchi 2012). Their RD (Research and development) portfolio is classified into two types including- life cycle management and new goods development. Their life cycle management ensures product up gradation by maintaining as well as increasing competitiveness within their existing range of product. However, new product innovation creates therapies for the treatment of life threatening diseases. CSL Ltd has acquired leading position in the marketplace as it is mainly attributed to their varied product portfolio. In addition, the organizations strong production as well as distribution capabilities also facilitates it for serving their customers across globe (Danzon and Keuffel 2014). They intend to strengthen their market position as well as stabilize their financial growth by adopting different growth strategies including expansion, agreements etc. This company has attained benefit in the present years from their range of products and hence has achieved good position in the marketplace as against their competitors offering. Customers Business to business (B2B) refers to the condition in which one business usually makes commercial transaction with other business. Customers plays huge role in making every business successful. In B2B, the customers usually compete with one another and hence depending on the business they decide from which organization they will purchase. The B2B companies mainly want to create cannel relationships with the consumers internal channel members as it would create with the members of external channel (Baker 2014). Target customers signifies particular group of customers who are the main focus of the organizations marketing strategy. CSL mainly targets China as the growth market in order to achieve success in business. They also commit in supporting their patient and local communities and also improve the lie of those people who have rare conditions. They also play important role in providing humanitarian programs around the globe. Brand positioning Brand positioning signifies the method of designing the offerings or products of the organization that occupies distinctive position in mind of the target customers. Brand positioning strategy adopted by the company usually involves creation of brand associations in the minds of customers for making them perceive brand in particular way (Standing, Standing and Lin 2016). CSL organization basically develops logo that accomplishes various objectives. They even create unique logo for communicating special benefits of their products and facilitate their customers to differentiate among the similar products. The logo is mainly created by some of the branding expertise for including important features of the product. For example, colors, scalability and printing of the logo are also taken into account for achieving successful identity. They also package their product based on the research as well as considerations of requirements of the customers. Competitive positioning indicates how the company differentiates their offering as well as creating value for their market. An appropriate positioning map is mainly influenced by some indicators that includes- Profile of the market- The market profile relates to the size, growth stage, competitor etc. Customers segments- This includes the customers group with similar wants and requirements. Delivering value method- It indicates how the company delivers value to their market at the highest level. Competitive analysis- This analysis includes strengths, opportunities, weakness and threats of the specific company in relation to other competitors. The organization mainly uses positioning map for helping them develop positioning strategy in the market for their product or service. This is also referred to as the perceptual maps as it is based on buyers perception. This CSL organization applies positioning map to identify the position of their existing products (Welter, Bosse and Alvarez 2013). They position their product in the market in order to compete with their rivalries. CSL mainly gives stress on advertising for marketing their products for providing them good position in marketplace. They advertise their product in different mediums so that it transfers their ideas to their audience of the prospective buyers. They also focus on packaging their product and spreading their message to the range of outlets including online advertising campaigns, multimedia presentations, print advertisements, websites, direct media campaigns, social media etc in order to reach their intended customers and understand their target market. Their competitors are mainly GSK , Astraseneca, Pifzer etc. GSK produces as well as markets prescription medicines, vaccines and health care products of the consumers globally (Hollensen 2015). This organization offers medicines for treating chronic diseases and commits in driving innovation in pharmaceutical industries. AstraZenceca is a biopharmaceutical company that engages in research, innovation, development and supply medicines for improving the life of Australians. Their business strategy usually focuses on returning to business growth through science leading innovation. They mainly focuses on three therapeutic areas including respiratory, oncology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity (RIA). Pifzer is also another competitors of CSL that offers health care portfolio with best known non- prescription as well as prescription products. Their purpose is to bring therapies to the patients and eradicating life threatening diseases. They also believe in working in partnership with other co mpany. Suppliers This company has adopted active program of selecting their supplier as well as management. The supplier selection is mainly driven by regulatory and stringent quality (Welter, Bosse and Alvarez 2013). As viral portion comes from the local retailers, this helps them to avoid high cost relating to distant suppliers. This in turn enables this company to increase their productivity. If any deficiencies are detected by their suppliers, they undertake proper actions during their inspections. However, through complete knowledge of supply chain risk of materials are needed to produce their products. Product and sustainability Their product portfolio mainly focuses on creation of new products and improvising the existing ones, which in turn ensures their continued growth (Khan 2014). Moreover, development of new product creates some special therapies for treating life threatening diseases. It also ensures growth for longer term through alignment with their present marketing channels. Their products are mainly used around the globe for treating the conditions given below: Immune disorders Neurological disorders Respiratory disease Hereditary disease Furthermore, their RD activities usually support product development, which optimize their product portfolio value and the RD assets. Safety as well as quality is the basic priorities of this company throughout different product lifecycle stages. For this reason, they focus on packaging and labeling the product, so that the customers attain the information about the product that is going to purchase by them. In addition, this packaging has been added by CSL as one kind of preventive measurement in order to provide their consumers proper method of assuring authenticity of product. They even design the products according to the requirement of the peoples health, which in turn saves their lives. Price trust Price trust means that a vital role in the markets for the products that is assumed by trust. The customers purchase the products if they trust on their sellers to provide high quality as well as abstain it if the quality is not good. The CSL Company adopts pricing strategy by focusing on the target customers and other competitors (Felzensztein, Gimmon and Aqueveque 2012). They set the price on medicines based on balancing the requirement of several stakeholders. Their prices also ensure optimal utilization of resources for the healthcare system, improving access to medicines for the patients and rewarding value for encouraging innovation. They even lower their prices of medicines by focusing on the competitors pricing strategy, which in turn helps them in attracting the customers and other companies for buying their product. Distributors, place and sustainability Recent study highlights that CSL progress to achieve short -term as well as long- term sustainability target and commitment (Forrest and Martin 2012). Their values help the company in creating sustainable value for their stakeholders. CSL biotechnology company partners with Immucor for distributing world market leading technology of transfusion testing. Their distribution places are Australia and New Zealand. In these two nations, this company markets huge range of pharmaceutical as well as vaccines products. Recommendation This organization should adopt 4P marketing mix that includes place, price, product and promotion. The company should diversify their range of products in order to provide their customers best possible options. Although this company is headquarterd in Australia, they should expand their business in the place by analyzing on the target market and competitors. The company has adopted reasonable pricing policy in order to remain affordable to every user. Therefore, it is suggested that they should set their price in such a way such that it keeps their profit margin minimum and provide high benefits to the customers. Moreover, they should adopt proper promotional strategy by taking help from social media in order to attain feedback from their customers about the product. Conclusion From the above study, it can be concluded that proper marketing strategy is vital for the company in order to attain success in competitive business environment. The CSL company has good share in the market owing to its effective distribution channel for supplying medicine and facing the challenges from new competitors in the marketplace. However, they should adopt proper marketing mix for meeting the requirements of customers and provide medicines at regular time. References Appiah-Adu, K. and Ranchhod, A., 2012. Market orientation and performance in the biotechnology industry: An exploratory empirical analysis.Technology Analysis Strategic Management,10(2), pp.197-210. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Baker, M.J., 2014.Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Bernstein, B. and Singh, P.J., 2016. An integrated innovation process model based on practices of Australian biotechnology firms.Technovation,26(5), pp.561-572. Chan, H.K., He, H. and Wang, W.Y., 2012. Green marketing and its impact on supply chain management in industrial markets.Industrial Marketing Management,41(4), pp.557-562. Danzon, P.M. and Keuffel, E.L., 2014. Regulation of the pharmaceutical-biotechnology industry. InEconomic Regulation and Its Reform: What Have We Learned?(pp. 407-484). University of Chicago Press. De Marchi, V., 2012. Environmental innovation and RD cooperation: Empirical evidence from Spanish manufacturing firms.Research Policy,41(3), pp.614-623. Felzensztein, C., Gimmon, E. and Aqueveque, C., 2012. Clusters or un-clustered industries? Where inter-firm marketing cooperation matters.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,27(5), pp.392-402. Forrest, J.E. and Martin, M.J.,2012. Strategic alliances between large and small research intensive organizations: experiences in the biotechnology industry.RD Management,22(1), pp.041-054. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education.37, pp.482-489. Khan, M.T., 2014. The concept of'marketing mix'and its elements (a conceptual review paper).International journal of information, business and management,6(2), p.95. Kim, K.H., Jeon, B.J., Jung, H.S., Lu, W. and Jones, J., 2012. Effective employment brand equity through sustainable competitive advantage, marketing strategy, and corporate image.Journal of Business Research,65(11), pp.1612-1617. Kumar, V., Rahman, Z., Kazmi, A.A. and Goyal, P., 2012. Evolution of sustainability as marketing strategy: Beginning of new era.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences Liu, S., Kasturiratne, D. and Moizer, J., 2012. A hub-and-spoke model for multi-dimensional integration of green marketing and sustainable supply chain management.Industrial Marketing Management,41(4), pp.581-588. Schoonmaker, M., Carayannis, E. and Rau, P., 2013. The role of marketing activities in the fuzzy front end of innovation: a study of the biotech industry.The Journal of Technology Transfer,38(6), pp.850-872. Seuring, S., 2013. A review of modeling approaches for sustainable supply chain management.Decision support systems,54(4), pp.1513-1520. Standing, S., Standing, C. and Lin, C., 2016. A framework for managing knowledge in strategic alliances in the biotechnology sector.Systems Research and Behavioral Science,25(6), pp.783-796. Walsh, G., 2014. Biopharmaceutical benchmarks 2014.Nature biotechnology,32(10), pp.992-1000. Welter, C., Bosse, D.A. and Alvarez, S.A., 2013. The interaction between managerial and technological capabilities as a determinant of company performance: An empirical study of biotech firms.International Journal of Management,30(1), p.272. Wu, C.W., 2013. Global-innovation strategy modeling of biotechnology industry.Journal of Business Research,66(10), pp.1994-1999.

CompStat Management in the NYPD free essay sample

No, it surely does not. Composts s a system obsessed with numbers, and while in some areas it is a great tactic for kicking the workforce into shape, it can become tyrannical in the pursuit of those numerically motivated results. Was Stop and Frisk the major contributor to crime drop from 1993 to 2003? In Henrys The COMPOSTS Paradigm there is not one instance of Stop and Frisk throughout the entire book.It seems today that a majority of the controversy In the NYPD is revolving around a practice that isnt necessarily ingrained In the very structure that defines the crime stopping law enforcement agency, It Is simply one of the tactics that has taken a step too far In the publics eye. As someone who studies criminal justice and believes in the system I do see the importance of procedures like stop and frisk but, it is easy to see in a city that is so liberal in almost every respect that this type of conduct can be controversial. We will write a custom essay sample on CompStat Management in the NYPD or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In studying Composts I have learned that the entire purpose of it is to be flexible to the systems needs and that if a certain strategy does not have the desired effect it should be revised or removed if need be. The attitude that has been given off by the NYPD and Commissioner Kelly is not the one that supports that type of ethic; it has been one of impedance where those who speak out against it are discredited by whatever means necessary.Commissioner Kelly, through his thick headiness on this Issue has alienated a large portion of Nays Inhabitants because they believe they are always under persecution because of the unjust ways that stop, question, and frisk violates their personal privacy and pride. To say that stop, question, and frisk Is n impartial tactic is a farce, 85% of all people stopped were of black or Hispanic made more stops of young black men than there are young black men in the city population. 58,406 young black men live in New York City and the NYPD made 168,126 s tops. (Stop and Frisk By the Numbers, Forbes) For a system so caught up in the numbers I dont see why it is so difficult for them to interpret these numbers and do something constructive about it instead of stone walling any attempt at criticism. Composts over the past couple decades has been an incredibly positive practice for he NYPD and other law enforcement agencies alike but over the past couple years we have seen more and more opposition to it.It is time that they revisit the drawing board and get back to the roots of what was the most flexible and responsive law enforcement management policy the world has ever seen. On a more personal note, as someone who does believe in the system I do say with great confidence that stop, question, and frisk is something that needs work before I can accept it as an ethical practice. Works Cited Capital New York. Ray Kelly and the momentum of current stop-and-frisk policy.